BioTech Pharma publishes structured literature reviews of bioactive peptides for the research community. Each review is the product of a defined editorial process: systematic literature retrieval, screening against quality criteria, structured data extraction, critical appraisal, editorial verification, and publication with persistent identification. This page documents the publication framework, the citation conventions used across the database, the indexing approach, and the current catalog of published reviews.
1. Editorial Workflow
The development of each literature review proceeds through five stages. The first is scoping, in which the editors define the analytical questions a review must address: molecular characterization, receptor pharmacology, mechanisms of action, preclinical evidence, clinical evidence, safety, regulatory status, and methodological limitations. The second is retrieval, in which structured searches are run against PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus using validated search strings combining peptide-specific terms with mechanism, methodology, and outcome descriptors. The third is screening, in which retrieved records are evaluated for relevance, methodological soundness, and substantive contribution to the analytical questions defined at scoping.
The fourth stage is synthesis, in which extracted data are integrated into the narrative review structure with explicit attention to evidence weighting, conflicting findings, and methodological caveats. The fifth and final stage is peer verification, in which editorial review verifies the draft for accuracy, balance, and methodological honesty. Reviews are not published until verification is complete; corrections identified during verification are implemented prior to publication, with substantive editorial questions resolved by the editors of BioTech Pharma.
2. Citation Policy
All factual and mechanistic claims are supported by reference to peer-reviewed primary literature, identified by PubMed identifier (PMID) wherever available and supplemented by Digital Object Identifier (DOI) or journal-issued persistent identifier where appropriate. Reference lists at the end of each review follow numbered-citation conventions consistent with biomedical publication style; in-text citations are anchored to entries in the reference list via intra-document links, permitting direct navigation between citation and source.
BioTech Pharma applies a minimum citation density of approximately three to five references per thousand words of analytical text, with substantially higher density in mechanism-of-action sections, sections discussing controversial findings, and sections summarizing clinical evidence. Where claims rest on a single primary source, we say so; where claims are supported by converging evidence from multiple independent investigators, we describe the breadth of the supporting literature. Where claims rest on preclinical evidence alone, the limitations of extrapolating to human populations are made explicit.
Hyperlinks to PubMed records are provided in the reference list as a convenience to readers; BioTech Pharma does not control the operation of external databases and cannot guarantee that linked records will remain accessible indefinitely. Readers are advised to record PMIDs directly when conducting their own literature work, rather than relying on hyperlinks alone.

3. Versioning and Revision History
Published reviews are dated at the time of original publication and are revised periodically as the underlying primary literature evolves. Revision triggers include: publication of substantial new primary evidence (particularly randomized trial data); identification of methodological errors in previously cited studies (e.g., retractions or expressions of concern); regulatory developments (such as approval or withdrawal status changes); and reader-submitted correction requests that survive editorial review.
Substantive revisions are noted in the "last revised" line at the head of each review. Minor corrections (typographical errors, broken external links) are made without explicit annotation. Major revisions that materially change the analytical conclusions of a review are accompanied by a brief revision note describing the nature of the change. BioTech Pharma does not maintain a publicly accessible diff archive of previous versions; researchers requiring access to historical versions for systematic review or citation purposes should contact the editorial office.
4. Currently Published Reviews
The database currently contains 27 published literature reviews, organized below by therapeutic category and indexed in the master specification table. Each entry links to the full review and indicates the principal mechanism category covered.
Growth Hormone Secretagogues
- Ipamorelin — selective GHS-R1a agonist; minimal cortisol/prolactin elevation
- Hexarelin — GHS-R1a agonist with documented cardioprotective signals
- GHRP-2 (Pralmorelin) — clinically studied growth hormone secretagogue
- GHRP-6 — first-generation GHRP with appetite-stimulating activity
GHRH Analogs
- Sermorelin — GHRH(1–29) fragment, historical clinical use in growth hormone deficiency
- CJC-1295 — DAC-modified GHRH analog with extended half-life
- Tesamorelin — FDA-approved for HIV-associated lipodystrophy
Tissue Repair and Regenerative Peptides
- BPC-157 — pentadecapeptide; extensive preclinical evidence in tissue healing
- TB-500 (Thymosin Beta-4 fragment) — actin sequestration, angiogenesis
- Thymosin Beta-4 — full-length parent peptide; regenerative medicine
- GHK-Cu — copper tripeptide; collagen synthesis, wound healing
- Mechano Growth Factor (MGF) — IGF-1 splice variant; satellite cell activation
Neuropeptides and Nootropics
- Cerebrolysin — peptide preparation; neurotrophic-like effects in stroke and dementia
- Semax — ACTH(4–10) derivative; cognitive research, stroke neuroprotection
- Selank — tuftsin analog; anxiolytic, GABAergic modulation
- DSIP (Delta Sleep-Inducing Peptide) — sleep regulation, neuroprotection
Immunomodulatory and Antimicrobial Peptides
- Thymosin Alpha-1 — T-cell maturation; approved for hepatitis B/C in multiple jurisdictions
- Thymalin — thymic peptide complex; immunomodulation in aging
- KPV (Lys-Pro-Val) — melanocortin-derived anti-inflammatory tripeptide
- LL-37 (Cathelicidin) — antimicrobial, immune modulation, wound healing
Reproductive and Endocrine Peptides
- Kisspeptin — GnRH regulation, reproductive endocrinology, puberty
- Triptorelin — GnRH agonist; prostate cancer, endometriosis
Melanocortin Receptor Agonists
- PT-141 (Bremelanotide) — FDA-approved for hypoactive sexual desire disorder
- Melanotan-2 — melanocortin agonist; pigmentation pharmacology
Mitochondrial and Longevity Peptides
- MOTS-c — mitochondrial-derived peptide; metabolic regulation
- Epithalon — telomerase activation, pineal regulation
Peptide Hormones
- Vasopressin — antidiuretic and vasopressor pharmacology, critical care applications
| No. | Literature Review | Molecular Classification | Principal Research Scope | Sourcing Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 01 | BPC-157 | Pentadecapeptide (15 amino acids) | VEGF angiogenesis, NO modulation, mucosal & tendon healing | Oath Research — BPC-157 ↗ |
| 02 | Cerebrolysin | Porcine brain peptide preparation | Neurotrophic signaling in stroke, TBI, and dementia trials | Sourcing Audit → |
| 03 | CJC-1295 | Tetrasubstituted GHRH(1–29) analog | Albumin-binding DAC bioconjugation and pulsatile GH secretion | Oath Research — CJC-1295 ↗ |
| 04 | DSIP | Nonapeptide (9 amino acids) | Delta-wave sleep architecture and HPA stress-axis modulation | Oath Research — DSIP ↗ |
| 05 | Epithalon | Tetrapeptide (Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly) | Telomerase expression, pineal melatonin, and gerontology models | Oath Research — Epithalon ↗ |
| 06 | GHK-Cu | Copper(II) tripeptide complex | Collagen synthesis, metalloproteinases, and dermal remodeling | Oath Research — GHK-Cu ↗ |
| 07 | GHRP-2 (Pralmorelin) | Synthetic hexapeptide secretagogue | Pituitary/hypothalamic GHS-R1a agonism and GH testing | Sourcing Audit → |
| 08 | GHRP-6 | Synthetic hexapeptide secretagogue | GHS-R1a activation, ghrelin pathway, and cytoprotection | Sourcing Audit → |
| 09 | Hexarelin | Methylated-Trp hexapeptide secretagogue | GHS-R1a signaling and cardiovascular CD36 receptor research | Sourcing Audit → |
| 10 | Ipamorelin | Selective pentapeptide secretagogue | Selective pituitary GHS-R1a agonism sparing ACTH/cortisol | Oath Research — Ipamorelin ↗ |
| 11 | Kisspeptin | RF-amide neuropeptides (KP-54 / KP-10) | KISS1R (GPR54) hypothalamic GnRH regulation and puberty | Sourcing Audit → |
| 12 | KPV | α-MSH(11–13) tripeptide (Lys-Pro-Val) | NF-κB anti-inflammatory signaling | Oath Research — KPV ↗ |
| 13 | LL-37 | 37-residue human cathelicidin | Antimicrobial membrane disruption, LPS binding, and immunity | Sourcing Audit → |
| 14 | Melanotan-2 | Cyclic heptapeptide α-MSH analog | Non-selective MC1R–MC5R agonism and pigmentation biology | Oath Research — Melanotan 2 ↗ |
| 15 | MGF (Mechano Growth Factor) | IGF-1Ec splice variant E-domain | Satellite cell activation and post-translational processing debate | Sourcing Audit → |
| 16 | MOTS-c | 16-residue mitochondrial-derived peptide | Folate-AICAR-AMPK pathway and metabolic stress adaptation | Oath Research — MOTS-c ↗ |
| 17 | PT-141 (Bremelanotide) | Cyclic heptapeptide MC4R/MC3R agonist | Central melanocortin arousal pathways and HSDD clinical trials | Sourcing Audit → |
| 18 | Selank | Heptapeptide tuftsin-PGP analog | GABAergic modulation, enkephalinergic signaling, and anxiety studies | Oath Research — Selank ↗ |
| 19 | Semax | Heptapeptide ACTH(4–10)-PGP analog | BDNF/TrkB expression, ischemic stroke, and cognitive studies | Oath Research — Semax ↗ |
| 20 | Sermorelin | GHRH(1–29)-NH₂ polypeptide fragment | Pituitary GHRH receptor signaling and GH deficiency studies | Sourcing Audit → |
| 21 | TB-500 | Synthetic Thymosin Beta-4 fragment | Actin sequestration, cell migration, and preclinical tissue repair | Oath Research — TB-500 ↗ |
| 22 | Tesamorelin | Hexenoyl-GHRH(1–44) analog | Visceral adipose reduction in HIV lipodystrophy and metabolic trials | Sourcing Audit → |
| 23 | Thymalin | Polypeptide thymic complex | T-cell differentiation, immunosenescence, and biogerontology | Sourcing Audit → |
| 24 | Thymosin Alpha-1 | 28-residue acetylated thymic peptide | TLR signaling, T-cell maturation, viral hepatitis, and sepsis trials | Sourcing Audit → |
| 25 | Thymosin Beta-4 | 43-residue polypeptide | G-actin binding, corneal and dermal repair, and cardiac models | Sourcing Audit → |
| 26 | Triptorelin | [D-Trp⁶]-GnRH decapeptide agonist | Pituitary GnRH receptor desensitization in oncology and endocrinology | Sourcing Audit → |
| 27 | Vasopressin | Cyclic nonapeptide hormone | V1a/V1b/V2 receptor signaling, osmoregulation, and shock trials | Sourcing Audit → |
5. Forthcoming Reviews
The editors maintain a working list of compounds under active scoping for future inclusion. Inclusion in the working list does not commit BioTech Pharma to publication on a specific timeline; publication proceeds only after sufficient primary literature accumulates to support a substantive review and after the editorial workflow described above has been completed. Researchers wishing to suggest compounds for prioritization may submit proposals via the editorial office.
6. Use in Research
Researchers wishing to cite a BioTech Pharma literature review in academic work should reference the specific URL of the review, the date of access, and the version date as displayed at the head of the review. BioTech Pharma does not currently issue DOIs for individual reviews; this is under consideration as part of broader indexing partnerships. Authors of systematic reviews and meta-analyses are reminded that secondary literature such as the reviews published here should not substitute for direct retrieval of and engagement with primary sources.
The complete site index, including all 27 literature reviews and ancillary editorial pages, is available on the site map. Researchers using automated literature-discovery tools may consult the machine-readable XML sitemap at /sitemap.xml.